Biological characters of Liza klunzingeri, in two areas (Sajaphi and Bhrekan) in the coastal waters of Khuzestan were investigated. From March to February 2009, a total 1880 measured fish specimens, 947 specimens were analyzed. The growth indices for males and females studied fishes were found to be L∞=20, 24(cm), K=0.83, 1.2 (year-1) and to=-0.15, -0.21 respectively. The lengthweight relation were calculated as Y=0.024L2.76 (n=336, R2=0.72) for males, Y=0.011L3.00 (n=596, R2= 0.78) for females and Y=0.0208L2.82 (n=936,R2 =0.82 ) for both sexes. Mean length for the male and female were calculated as 17/97±1/15, 19/11±1/49 and mean weight for the male and female was as73/43±13/71, 85/91±20/95 respectively. The mean Values of condition factor (K) was 1/25± 0/14 in male specimens and 1/21± 0/15 for female specimens. The highest K value in June and the lowest in Febre were observed. According to biological characteristics and with compare to American fisheries society (AFS) indices, Liza klunzingeri is classified as low vulnerable group fishes.

The Goal of the present study was to determine the influential factors on strategic purchasing of healthcare services by of Iranian Social Security Organization (ISSO) as the largest purchaser of healthcare services in Iran. In order to achieve the above goal the literature was reviewed to explore the relevant theories and models, as well as the important factors for the strategic purchasing in healthcare services. In this review however the main focus was put on the experiences gained by countries such as England, Germany, Portugal, Estonia, Australia and New Zealand.After reviewing the theories, models, and the available statistics in this area, a questionnaire was developed to seek the view point of the Iranian Social Security Organization's key managers, and personnel about the important influential factors on strategic purchasing of health care services in indirect healthcare system of ISSO. The questions were measure using a 5 point Likert scale (where 5= totally agree, and 1= totally disagree). An exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data.The findings indicated that nine variables such as 1- purchasing priority, 2- allocating resources, 3- payment mechanism , 4- organization structure, 5- price, 6- contract, 7- providers, 8- service utilizers, and 9- purchasing strategy were effective in strategic purchasing of healthcares services from investigated subjects' point of view. These variables, however clustered themselves around two factors in exploratory factor analysis, and explained 62.9 % of the total variance of strategic purchasing of healthcare services or were explained by two underlying traits in confirmatory factor analysis. These traits were called procedures and contextual factor. "Procedures" factor reflects the approach or pattern by which the ISSO chooses to purchase healthcare services for the insured individuals, and it showed to have three elements - variables 1-3 stated in above."Contextual" factor is viewed as the context in which the purchasing occurs in, and it contains five variables such as variable 4- 9 stated in above. General conclusion is that for strategic purchasing of healthcare services at least nine different factors play an important role and needs to be taken under consideration by the ISSO.

The thermal stability of α-amylases Amy A1 and Amy A2 from digestive tract of tropical house cricket G. sigillatus was investigated by studying the effect of heat treatment over a range of 55 to 70 °C. Thermal inactivation of each enzyme, evaluated by loss in activity, was apparently followed by first-order kinetics with k-values comprised between 0.014–0.833 and 0.030–0.219 min-1 for Amy A1 and Amy A2, respectively. D and k-values decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing temperature, indicating faster inactivation of Amy A1 and A2 at higher temperatures. Ea and Z-values were estimated to 245.89 kJ/mol and 8.77 °C for Amy A1, 182.92 kJ/mol and 11.63 °C for Amy A2. Thermodynamic parameters were also calculated. All the results suggest that both α-amylases are relatively resistant to long heat treatments up to 60 °C.

The experiment was conducted in the Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, at Shambat for 6 weeks. The study aims to examine the effect of the dietary C. cajan on the growth of desert goat kids, chemical blood serum cholesterol, calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (I.P), glucose total protein. Iron (Fe) and blood haemoglobin (Hb).Twenty four male kids of ages ranging from 3.5-4 months and the animal average weight (10.27+ 0.69 kg) were divided into four equal groups of six animals each. The four groups were provided with basic diet consisting of sorghum grain, wheat bran and groundnut cake that supply male kids with all nutrients. Four experimental diets were formulated by addition of C. cajan to the basic diet at (0%, 3%, 6% and 9%) in group A, B, C and D respectively. Results showed that there was a significant effect (P< 0.05) on growth and consumed feed when using C. cajan, group D (9% C. cajan) had a significant increase in the growth rate. In addition, such group had the larger amount of the consumed feed as well as the best feed conversion ratio (FCR). Chemical blood measurements showed that there is ascending increase in blood indices such as (Hb), the group who was fed with the ration containing 9% of C. cajan scored the significant (P< 0.05) increase, however, higher level of serum cholesterol observed on animal fed 6% C. cajan, but serum total protein, glucose, Ca, I.P and Fe were not affected by C. cajan. Feeding 9% of C. cajan, has no adverse effect on animal health and no bloat symptoms.

To examine the effect of these two trials in 2010 were conducted at the research station of Ardabil Islamic azad university, to evaluate the effects of hydro-priming, halo-priming (solutions of 1% KNO3) and osmo-priming (solutions of ZnSO4 with 10 mM Zn and KH2PO4 with 50 mM P) on seedling vigor and field emergence of maize.Analysis of variance of laboratory data showed that hydro-priming significantly improved mean germination rate, seed vigor index, shoot, root and seedling dry weights and reduced electrical conductivity of seed leachates, compared with control and other seed treatments. Germination percentage for seeds primed with KNO3, water, ZnSO4 and KH2PO4 were statistically similar, but were higher than those for unprimed seeds. Invigoration of maize seeds by priming with water and KH2PO4 resulted in higher seedling emergence and establishment in the field, compared with control and priming with KNO3 and ZnSO4. Mean Seedling emergence time was also reduced by seed priming, particularly by hydro-priming.Therefore, hydro-priming is a simple, low cost and environmentally friendly technique for improving seed germination and seedling emergence of maize.